Dual channel slotted paging

ABSTRACT

A novel and improved method and system for paging a cellular telephone or other wireless terminal using two paging channels that reduces standby mode power consumption described. In one embodiment of the invention, a minimally encoded quick paging channel is established over which short, quick page messages are transmitted during one of a set of quick paging slots. The quick page message indicates that a communications request has been received, and that the receiving communication terminals should process a highly encoded full paging channel over which more detailed, full page messages are transmitted during the next full paging slot. A terminal monitors full paging channel only after a quick page message has been received on the quick paging channel.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

I. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to wireless telecommunications. More particularly, the present invention relates to a novel and improved method and apparatus for paging a cellular telephone or other wireless communications device using a quick paging channel and a full paging channel.

II. Description of the Related Art

The IS-95 cellular telephone standard (and its derivatives such as IS-95A and ANSI J-STD-008 referred to herein collectively as IS-95) uses advanced signal processing techniques to provide efficient and high quality cellular telephone service. For example, an IS-95 compliant cellular telephone system utilizes vocoding, error detection, forward error correction (FER), interleaving and spread spectrum modulation in order to make more efficient use of the available RF bandwidth, and to provide more robust connections. In general, the benefits provided by IS-95 include longer talk time and fewer dropped calls when compared to other types of cellular telephone systems.

To conduct communications in an orderly manner, IS-95 provides a set of highly encoded channels over which data having different functions is transmitted. These highly encoded channels include a paging channel over which paging messages are transmitted notifying cellular telephones or other types of wireless terminals that an incoming request to communicate is pending. In accordance with the IS-95 standard, paging messages are transmitted at low to medium data rates during time slots that are preassigned to groups of cellular telephones. Table I provides the data included in a General Page Message as an example of a typical paging message generated substantially in accordance with the IS-95A standard.

                  TABLE I                                                          ______________________________________                                         Message Field     Length (Bits)                                                ______________________________________                                         MSG.sub.-- TYPE (Message Type)                                                                   8                                                            CONFIG.sub.-- MSG.sub.-- SEQ                                                                     6                                                            ACC.sub.-- MSG.sub.-- SEQ                                                                        6                                                            CLASS.sub.-- 0.sub.-- DONE                                                                       1                                                            CLASS.sub.-- 1.sub.-- DONE                                                                       1                                                            RESERVED          2                                                            BROADCAST.sub.-- DONE                                                                            1                                                            RESERVED          4                                                            ADD.sub.-- LENGTH 3                                                            ADD.sub.-- PFIELD 8 × ADD.sub.-- LENGTH                                  And zero or more occurrences of the following page record:                     PAGE.sub.-- CLASS 2                                                            PAGE.sub.-- SUBCLASS                                                                             2                                                            Page class specific fields                                                                       Typically 2-12 bytes.                                        ______________________________________                                    

Table I is provided simply to illustrate the length of a typical paging message, so a detailed description of the function of each field is not included herein. Such a detailed description may be obtained, however, by referring to the well known, and publicly available, IS-95 standard (in particular the IS-95A standard).

To monitor for paging messages, a cellular telephone periodically monitors the paging channel during the assigned paging slot. In particular, the cellular telephone periodically activates complex RF and digital signal processing circuitry for as long as is necessary to successfully process the paging message. Since the typical paging message is relatively long, and transmitted via a highly encoded low to medium rate channel, the associated processing during each paging slot requires a significant amount of time and signal processing resources, and therefore requires a significant amount of power to complete. This reduces the amount of time an IS-95 cellular telephone can remain in standby mode using a battery of given capacity, and therefore is highly undesirable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a novel and improved method and system for paging a cellular telephone or other wireless terminal using two paging channels that reduces standby mode power consumption. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a minimally encoded quick paging channel is established over which short, quick page messages are transmitted during one of a set of quick paging slots. The quick page message indicates that a request to communicate has been received and that the receiving communication terminals should monitor a highly encoded full paging channel during the next full paging slot for a more detailed, full page message. A communications terminal monitors the full paging channel after a quick page message has been received on the quick paging channel.

To page the communications terminal, a base station controller (BSC) first generates the quick page message during a quick page slot assigned to a set of communications terminal that includes the particular communications terminals being paged. This is followed by a full page message identifying the particular communications terminal. The communications terminal periodically monitors the quick paging slot and, upon detecting the quick page, activates decoding circuitry for processing the full paging channel. Upon processing the full paging channel, the communications terminal determines if the full page message is directed to it, and if not, deactivates the decoding circuitry and returns to processing the quick paging channel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings in which like reference characters identify corresponding elements throughout and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a cellular telephone system;

FIG. 2 is a timing diagram illustrating the timing slots in the quick paging channel and the full paging channel;

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating the steps performed during the paging of a wireless terminal;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the coding performed on the full paging channel and the quick paging channel;

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating the steps performed by a wireless terminal during standby mode; and

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a receiver configured in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A method and system for paging a cellular telephone or other wireless terminal that uses two paging channels to reduce standby mode power consumption is described. In the following description the invention is set forth in the context of a cellular telephone system operating substantially in accordance with the IS-95 standard. While the invention is particularly suited for operation in such an environment, many other digital communication systems can benefit from the use of the present invention, including TDMA based wireless communication systems, satellite based communication system, and wireline systems over which encoded signaling is transmitted.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a highly simplified cellular telephone system configured in accordance with the use of the present invention. Wireless terminals 10 (typically cellular telephones) are located among base stations 12. Wireless terminals 10a and 10b are in active mode and therefore are interfacing with one or more base stations 12 using radio frequency (RF) signals modulated in accordance with the CDMA signal processing techniques of the IS-95 standard. A system and method for processing RF signals substantially in accordance with the use of the IS-95 standard is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,103,459 entitled "System and Method for Generating Signal Waveforms in a CDMA Cellular Telephone System" assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference ('459 patent). The other wireless terminals 10 are in standby mode and therefore monitoring for page messages indicating a request to communicate.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, each base station generates a forward link signals comprised of a set of forward link channels. The channels are established by a set of orthogonal 64 chip Walsh codes, each of which is used to modulate the data associated with a particular channel. The channels are categorized by function and include a pilot channel over which a phase offset pattern is repeatedly transmitted, a synch channel over which synchronization data is transmitted including the absolute system time and the phase offset of the associated pilot channel, and traffic channels over which the data directed to the terminals are transmitted. The traffic channels are normally assigned to transmit data to a particular wireless terminal 10 for the duration of the interface with that particular base station.

Additionally, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, one or more of the Walsh channels are designated as quick paging channels, and one or more of the Walsh channels are designated as full paging channels. The designation and operation of the full paging channels is preferably performed in accordance with the paging channel specified by the IS-95 standard. Some methods and apparatus for performing paging substantially in accordance with the IS-95 standard are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,392,287 ('287 patent) entitled "APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR REDUCING POWER CONSUMPTION IN A MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVER" and 5,509,015 ('015 patent) entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SCHEDULING COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN TRANSCEIVERS" both assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference.

As described in the '287 and '015 patents, and as specified by the IS-95 standard, the full paging channel is time divided into time "slots". The slots are, in turn, assigned to groups of wireless terminals, where the assignment is performed based on the International Mobile Subscriber ID (IMSI) which is unique for each wireless terminal 10, or other terminal identification information such as one or more Mobile Identification Numbers (MIN). In alternative embodiments of the invention other identification information may also be used including the electronic serial number (ESN) of the wireless terminal or the temporary mobile subscriber ID (TMSI). The various possible types of identification information that may be used will be referred to hereinafter collectively as the MOBILE ID. The quick paging channels are also divided into time slots.

FIG. 2 is a timing diagram illustrating the time slots of a full paging channel and a quick paging channel when configured in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. The quick paging channel is divided into quick paging slots 30 and the full paging channel is divided into full paging slots 32 which are preferably longer in duration than the quick paging slots. Sets, or groups, of quick paging slots 30 are assigned to single full paging slots 32 as illustrated by the diagonal arrows, although the use of a one-to-one correspondence between quick paging slots and full paging slots, or other ratios, is consistent with the use of the invention. The assignment of the quick paging slots 30 to a particular set of wireless terminals is preferably performed via application of a hashing function to the MOBILE ID of the wireless terminal 10.

To page a particular wireless terminal 10, a quick page message is transmitted during the quick paging slot and a full page message is transmitted during the full page slot assigned to that wireless terminal. The quick paging slot and full paging slots occur in a periodically repeating fashion, which ensures that a slot associated with a particular terminal occurs after a sufficient period of time. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the full page slot 32 occurs a delay 34 after the associated quick paging slots 30 to allow the wireless terminal to process the quick page message and activate additional decoding circuitry before the next full page slot.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the steps performed by BSC 14 during the paging process. The paging process begins at step 36 and at step 38 it is determined whether a request to communicate has been received. If not step 38 is performed again.

If a request to communicate has been received, the full paging slot and quick paging slot associated with the wireless terminal to which the communication request is directed are calculated at step 40 based on the MOBILE ID or other identification information of that wireless terminal 10. BSC 14 preferably performs the necessary processing using one or more microprocessors running software stored in memory (not shown).

The full paging slot is preferably determined in accordance with the above referenced '287 and '015 patents, and the quick paging slot is determined by application of a hashing function to the MOBILE ID, although other methods for assigning paging slots to wireless terminals are consistent with the use of the present invention. If the MOBILE ID is not contained directly within the request to communicate, it can be obtained via look-up in a database using any other identification information contained in the request such as the telephone number or mobile identification number (MIN) of the wireless terminal 10.

Once the quick paging slot and the full paging slot are determined, BSC 14 transmits a quick page message at step 42 on a quick paging channel, and transmits a full page message at step 44 on a full paging channel, via one or more base stations 12. The base stations 12 encode and modulate the paging channels as described in greater detail below, and transmission of the two page messages occurs during the corresponding quick paging slot and full paging slot.

After transmission of the quick page message and the full page message, the BSC 14 polls for a response at step 46 indicating that the page was received. If a response was received the communication begins at step 50.

If no response was received after a timeout period, a second quick page message is transmitted at step 52, and a second full page message is transmitted at step 54. At step 56 the BSC 14 polls for a response from the wireless terminal 10 and determines at step 58 if a response was received. If a response was received, the communication begins at step 50. If it is determined at step 58 that no response was received, the page fails at step 60. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, two quick paging messages and two corresponding full page messages are generated for each page. The second quick page message and full page message increase the likelihood of the page being received, without introducing the delay necessary to determine whether an acknowledgment message has been received from the wireless terminal 10.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the quick page message is comprised of an INCOMMING₋₋ PAGE bit. An INCOMMING₋₋ PAGE bit in a first state (such as logic high) indicates that a communication request has been received for one of the wireless terminals 10 associated with that quick paging slot, and therefore that those wireless terminals should process the full paging channel during the next designated full paging slot. An INCOMMING₋₋ PAGE bit in a second state (such as logic low) indicates that no communication request has been received for those wireless terminals 10, and therefore the full paging channel should not be processed during next full paging slot. Hence, the quick page message is more highly encoded than the full page message, since the page is represented by a single bit, rather than a substantially higher number of bits, and therefore can be processed with fewer resources. Such "message" encoding should not be confused with the "channel" coding described below, where a greater amount of encoding requires more data processing resources.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the full page message contains the information specified in the IS-95 standard for a normal page message that allows each wireless terminal 10 to determine whether the page is directed to it. An example of a page generated in accordance with the IS-95A standard is provided in Table I listed above. As illustrated by Table I, the full page message contains significantly more information than the quick page message, which is preferably comprised of a single bit. Therefore, the quick page message can be processed more easily by each wireless terminal 10, and with less power, than a full page message.

In alternative embodiments of the invention, multi-bit quick page messages are used. These multi-bit quick paging messages are used to encode and convey additional information beyond simply indicating that the wireless terminal 10 should monitor the full paging channel during the next assigned full paging slot 32. For example, the multi-bit quick page message could be used to indicate more particularly which wireless terminal 10 is being paged from the subset of wireless terminal assigned to the corresponding quick page slot 30. The multi-bit quick page message could also be used to indicate that the full paging channel should be performed for a longer duration so that system parameter changes can be broadcast to all the wireless terminals 10. Those skilled in the art will recognize various useful types of information that can be transmitted using a multi-bit quick page message. Also, in another alternative embodiment of the invention, reduced forward error correction encoding is performed on the quick page message.

In addition to transmitting less information in a quick page message than in a full page message, the preferred embodiment of the invention incorporates a minimal coding scheme for the quick paging channel when compared to the full paging channel. FIG. 4 provides an illustration of the coding schemes employed for the full paging channel and the quick paging channel in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.

As shown in FIG. 4, data transmitted via the full paging channel is convolutionally encoded by convolutional encoder 60 and the resulting code symbols repeated by symbol repeater 61 in order to generate symbols at a predetermined rate. The repeated code symbols are then block interleaved by block interleaver 62. The data from the block interleaver is scrambled via EXCLUSIVE-OR (EX-OR) with a decimated long code generated by long code generator 64 and decimator 66. The long code is binary code generated in a predetermined manner as a function of a seed number, and is known to all wireless terminals 10. The scrambled data is then modulated with a Walsh channel code designated for a full paging channel, and the Walsh channel code modulated data is QPSK spread using a pseudorandom noise code (PN code), summed with the data from the other channels, and upconverted for transmission, preferably in accordance with the IS-95 standard (spreading, summing and upconversion not shown).

Still referring to FIG. 4, data transmitted via the quick paging channel is applied directly to a Walsh channel code designated for a quick paging channel, and then spread, summed and upconverted as described above. Preferably, a single bit of data transmitted via the quick channel is modulated multiple times by the same Walsh code, effectively transmitting the bit multiple times. One could also transmit the data bit repeatedly using a symbol repeater like symbol repeater 61 used for the full paging channel. In still another embodiment of the invention, the quick paging channel could be scrambled using the long code as performed for the full paging channel.

As should be apparent from FIG. 4, the processing associated with transmitting information over the quick paging channel is substantially less than that associated with the full paging channel. Therefore, the amount of processing necessary to perform receive processing of the quick paging channel is also substantially less, and therefore requires less energy than that necessary for the full paging channel. While the reduced amount of processing performed for the quick paging channel does increase the likelihood of error during the processing of any particular bit, transmitting the same bit multiple times reduces the total overall likelihood of error, while preserving low processing complexity.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of the processing performed by a wireless terminal 10 in standby mode when performed in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. The processing is preferably performed using a microprocessor controlled by software instructions stored in memory coupled to other integrated circuits and systems (not shown) that are well known in the art. The processing begins at step 80 and at step 84 it is determined whether the assigned quick paging slot has arrived, and if not step 84 is performed again.

If the assigned quick paging slot has arrived, the wireless terminal 10 processes the quick paging channel at step 86. Preferably, the processing is performed using a significantly smaller subset of the signal processing circuitry contained in the wireless terminal than used to process full page messages. In accordance with the transmit processing performed for the quick paging channel shown in FIG. 4, the receive processing is preferably comprised of downconversion of the RF energy received, despreading with the PN spreading code, and demodulation with the designated Walsh code. The resulting soft decision data is processed directly to determine the logic level transmitted.

Referring again to FIG. 5, at step 88 it is determined whether a quick page message was received at step 86 based on the logic level of the data detected. If a quick page message was detected processing continues at step 90 as described below. If a quick page message was not detected, it is further determined at step 89 whether the signal quality during the processing of the quick paging channel was acceptable. If so, the wireless terminal 10 returns to step 82. If the signal quality was not acceptable, processing continues at step 90 as described below.

The received signal quality can be determined by various well known methods including determining when the receive power of the signal transmitted from transmitter 50 falls below a threshold, or by determining when the signal-to-noise ratio of the pilot channel falls below a predetermined threshold. By monitoring for a full page message when the received signal quality is unacceptable, the number of missed full page messages due to undetected quick page messages resulting from unacceptable signal quality is minimized.

If a quick page message was detected, or the received signal quality was not acceptable, the wireless terminal 10 activates additional decoding circuitry at step 90 and, at step 92 processes the full paging channel during the assigned full paging slot using the activated circuitry. The time between the quick paging slot and the full paging slot assigned to a particular terminal must be sufficient to allow activation of the additional decoding circuitry within the wireless terminal 10 after detection of the quick page message before the full page slot occurs.

At step 94, the wireless terminal 10 determines whether the full page message processed at step 92 was directed to it based on the address contained in that message, and if not decoding circuitry within wireless terminal 10 is deactivated at step 82 and step 84 is performed again. If the full page message was directed to the wireless terminal 10, processing for the corresponding communication begins within the wireless terminal at step 96, and the wireless terminal enters active mode at step 98.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram providing a highly simplified illustration of wireless terminal 10 when configured in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Digital demodulator 302, block interleaver 304, trellis decoder 306 and control system 308 are coupled via a digital bus, and RF receiver 300 is coupled to digital demodulator 302.

During standby mode, the control system periodically activates RF receiver 300 and digital demodulator 302 to process the pilot and quick paging channels. RF receiver 300 downconverts and digitizes RF signals and digital demodulator 302 performs digital demodulation for a first duration generating soft decision data for the channels being processed. Control system 308 examines the pilot channel soft decision data to determine the quality of the signal and examines the quick paging channel to determine if a quick page message has been received.

If a quick page message has been received, or the signal has been received with poor quality, control system 308 activates block deinterleaver 304 and trellis decoder 306 and configures digital demodulator to begin processing the full paging channel for a second duration that is longer than the first duration. Control system 308 then monitors the data received over the full paging channel for a full paging message directed to it, and if none is detected, deactivates block deinterleaver 304 and trellis decoder 306 and continues in standby mode. If a full page message is detected, control system 308 places the wireless terminal in active mode during which the associated communication is conducted.

As should be apparent from the description provided above, by paging using a quick page message with a minimal number of bits, and which is transmitted over a minimally encoded channel, the present invention allows a wireless terminal to consume less power when monitoring for page messages during standby mode. Consuming less power in standby mode allows a wireless terminal to operate longer on a given battery, and therefore extends the standby time of that wireless terminal. Since wireless terminals are typically used in mobile telecommunications, it is often necessary to go extended periods of time without recharging or replacing the battery of the wireless terminal. Thus, in order to provide increased convenience, and to reduce the likelihood of missing page messages due to battery depletion, extending the standby time for a given battery size is highly desirable.

Thus, a dual channel method and system for paging cellular telephones and other wireless terminals that reduces standby power consumption has been described. The previous description of the preferred embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. The various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. 

I claim:
 1. A method for paging a wireless terminal in a wireless telecommunications system comprising:transmitting a quick page message via a less encoded channel, said quick page message notifying the wireless terminal to begin monitoring a highly encoded channel for a full page message; and transmitting a full page message via said highly encoded channel; said highly encoded channel comprising a series connected convolutional encoder, an interleaver, and a modulator for performing modulation with a Walsh code; and said less encoded channel comprising a modulator for modulating data with a Walsh code.
 2. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein said quick page message contains less information than said full page message.
 3. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein said quick page message is comprised of a single bit of data.
 4. A method for paging a particular wireless terminal included within a set of wireless terminals comprising:a) transmitting a quick page message directed to a subset of said set of wireless terminals said subset including the particular wireless terminal, said quick page message for directing said subset to monitor a highly encoded channel for a full page message; and b) transmitting a full page message identifying said particular wireless terminal; said highly encoded channel comprising a series connected convolutional encoder, an interleaver, and a modulator for performing modulation with a Walsh code.
 5. The method as set forth in claim 4 wherein step a) is comprised of the step of transmitting said quick page message via a less encoded channel during a first time slot assigned to the subset of wireless terminals, and said less encoded channel comprises a modulator for modulating data with a Walsh code.
 6. The method as set forth in claim 5 wherein step b) is comprised of the step of transmitting said full page message during a second time slot assigned to the subset of wireless terminals that occurs after said first time slot.
 7. The method as set forth in claim 4 wherein said quick page message is transmitted over a less encoded channel and said full page message is transmitted over said highly encoded channel.
 8. The method as set forth in claim 7 wherein said less encoded channel is established via direct sequence modulation with a first channel code, and said highly encoded channel is established via direct sequence modulation with a second channel code.
 9. The method as set forth in claim 4 wherein said quick page message has less information than said full page message.
 10. A method for paging a wireless terminal comprising:a) generating a quick page message; b) transmitting said quick page message via a less encoded channel; c) said quick page message causing said wireless terminal to monitor a highly encoded channel for a full page message; d) generating a full page message; and e) transmitting said full page message via said highly encoded channel; said highly encoded channel comprising a series connected convolutional encoder, an interleaver, and a modulator for performing modulation with a Walsh code; and said less encoded channel comprising a modulator for modulating data with a Walsh code.
 11. The method as set forth in claim 10 further comprising the steps of:direct sequence spreading said full page message; and direct sequence spreading said quick page message.
 12. The method as set forth in claim 10 further comprising the steps of:adding error detection information to said full page message; direct sequence spreading said full page message; and direct sequence spreading said quick page message.
 13. The method as set forth in claim 10 further comprising the steps of adding a time delay between when said quick page message is transmitted and when said full page message is transmitted.
 14. The method as set forth in claim 10 further comprising the steps of:receiving said quick page message; activating signal processing circuitry; andprocessing a full page message using said signal processing circuitry.
 15. The method as set forth in claim 14 wherein said signal processing circuitry is comprised of a trellis decoding system.
 16. The method as set forth in claim 14 wherein said signal processing circuitry is comprised of a deinterleaver.
 17. The method as set forth in claim 14 wherein said signal processing circuitry is comprised of a cyclical redundancy check circuit. 